In the following formulas we have:



amount deposited or withdrawn at the end of each period.
annual interest rate
number of compounding per period


= interest rate per period


= total number of compounding
time in years
For simple interest:

For compound interest:

For continuously compounded interest:
Future value of an ordinary annuity:

Payment of an ordinary annuity:

Present value of an ordinary annuity:
Amortization Formula :
(payment size for loans)
Unpaid balance (n-k payments left):